Views and Indexes

--Views and indexes
--View is stored query or filter
--
use CommunityAssist
go

Create View vw_Employee
As
Select LastName [Last Name], 
firstName [First Name], 
HireDate [Hire Date], 
SSNumber [Social Security No.], 
Dependents
From Person p
inner Join Employee e
on p.PersonKey=e.PersonKey
 
go 
Select * from vw_Employee 
--you have to use the aliases as the field names
--when you query a view
--the view helps abstract the database
--users of the view don't know the underlying
--table structure or column names
Select [Last Name], [Social Security No.] From vw_Employee
Where Dependents is not null
go
--another view
--after you create a view if you want to change it
--you must alter it
--also the ORDER  BY clause is forbidden in views
Alter View vw_DonationSummary
AS
Select MONTH(DonationDate) [Month],
Year(DonationDate) [Year], '$' +
cast(SUM(donationAmount) as varchar(7)) [Total]
From Donation
Group by Year(DonationDate), MONTH(donationDate)

Select * from vw_DonationSummary
Where [Year]=2010

--binary tree non clustered index
Create index ix_LastName on Person(LastName)

--a clustered is where table is physically order by the indexed field
create clustered index ix_lastnameClustered on Person(LastName)

--unique and filtered--filtered because of the where clause
--it only applies to the values that meet the condition
--also a index can be on more than one column in a table
--just separate them by commas in the parentheses
Create unique index ix_uniqueEmail on PersonContact(contactinfo)
Where ContactTypeKey = 6

Select * from PersonContact

--will generate an error because it is a duplicate 
Insert into PersonContact(ContactInfo, PersonKey, ContactTypeKey)
Values('lmann@mannco.com', 2,6)

--drops an index
Drop index ix_uniqueEmail on PersonContact

--syntax for forcing an index
Select LastName, firstname from Person with (nolock,index(ix_LastName))

Android: Passing Values Between Activities with Bundle

This example uses the same layout as the previous example which shows how to open a second activity. There only difference in the layout is that I added two TextView controls to the Confirm.xml.

I am not going to repeat all the code and layout of the previous example. I am only going to focus on the code where it changes.

To transfer the values from the EditText controls on the first activity, I added a Bundle object. A Bundle object is essentially a hash control that stores key value pairs. I create the bundle in the first Activity, in the private class which implements the onClick event. I create the bundle, then add the values using the putString() method. Finally, I must declare and instantiate the new Activity differently than I did before in order to add the bundle with the putExtras() method

Here is the modified code:

---

 private class ConfirmClickListener implements View.OnClickListener{
     
     public void onClick(View v){
      //get the Edit text controls and their text value
      EditText nameText=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editTextName);
      String fullName=nameText.getText().toString();
      
      EditText emailText=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editTextEmail);
      String email=emailText.getText().toString();
      
      //create a bundle object to store the values
      Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
      //assign the values (key, value pairs)
      bundle.putString("name", fullName);
      bundle.putString("email", email);
      
      //create the intent
      //this is different than we did it before
      Intent i = new Intent(MultiActivityExampleActivity.this, Confirmation.class);
      //assign the bundle to the intent
      i.putExtras(bundle);
      //start the new activity
      startActivity(i);
     }
    }

---

Now here is the code on the Confirmation side. It declares a Bundle object and assigns its value from the getExtras() method. It extracts the values using the keys and then assigns them the TextView.

---

 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.confirm);
  
  //create a bundle object to store
  //the bundle we added to the intent
  Bundle bundle=getIntent().getExtras();
  
  //get the values out by key
  String name=bundle.getString("name");
  String email=bundle.getString("email");
  
  //get the textview controls
  TextView txtName=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView2);
  TextView txtEmail=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView3);
  
  //set the text values of the text controls
  txtName.setText(name);
  txtEmail.setText(email);
  
 }

---

Now when you click on the comfirm button it passes the values from the first Activity to the second

Android Multi-Activities One

Start a new Android project. For this demonstration we will use simple activities. The first one just takes a name and an email address in EditText boxes and a button. The second one for now will just have a ViewText that says "Thank you."

Here is the XML for first Activity

---

Main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android=
     "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editTextName"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:inputType="textPersonName" 
        android:hint="Last Name, First Name">

        <requestFocus />

    </EditText>

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editTextEmail"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:inputType="textEmailAddress" 
        android:hint="Email"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/buttonText" />

</LinearLayout>

here is the code for the strings resource

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <string name="hello">Entry Form</string>
    <string name="app_name">MultiActivityExample</string>
    <string name="buttonText">Confirm</string>
    <string name="thankyou">Thank You</string>

</resources>

Here is the code for the main activity MultiActivityExampleActivity.java

package com.spconger.multiactivityexample;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;


public class MultiActivityExampleActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        
    }
}

---

Here is the first activity running

Now that we have the first activity set up, we will add another. Here is the XML for the second activity.

Confirm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/thankyou"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />

</LinearLayout>

---

Now we will add a new class. It should have a superclass of android.app.Activity and it should inherit abstract methods

here is the code for the new Activity

---

package com.spconger.multiactivityexample;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class Confirmation extends Activity {
 
 @Override
 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.confirm);

}

---

Now we have to modify the Manifest file. Modify the xml so it looks like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.spconger.multiactivityexample"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />

    <application
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MultiActivityExampleActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <!-- add this for new activity -->
        <activity android:name="Confirmation"></activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

---

Now when you press the button you should get the second activity

---

New Donor ASP Net

Default.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" 
CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
       <p><asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" 
Text="Enter First Name"></asp:Label>
           <asp:TextBox ID="txtFirstName" 
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
       </p> 
             <p><asp:Label ID="Label2" 
runat="server" Text="Enter Last Name"></asp:Label>
           <asp:TextBox ID="txtLastName" 
runat="server"></asp:TextBox><asp:RequiredFieldValidator
               ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" 
runat="server" ErrorMessage="Last Name is required" 
                     ControlToValidate="txtLastName" 
Display="None" ForeColor="Red"></asp:RequiredFieldValidator>
       </p> 
        <p><asp:Label ID="Label3" 
runat="server" Text="Enter Street"></asp:Label>
           <asp:TextBox ID="txtStreet" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
       </p> 
        <p><asp:Label ID="Label4" 
runat="server" Text="Enter City"></asp:Label>
           <asp:TextBox ID="txtCity" 
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
       </p> 
        <p><asp:Label ID="Label5" 
runat="server" Text="Enter State"></asp:Label>
           <asp:TextBox ID="txtState" 
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
       </p> 
        <p><asp:Label ID="Label6" 
runat="server" Text="Enter Zip Code"></asp:Label>
           <asp:TextBox ID="txtZipCode" 
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
            <asp:RegularExpressionValidator 
ID="RegularExpressionValidator1" runat="server" 
                ControlToValidate="txtZipCode" 
Display="None" ErrorMessage="invalid zip code" 
                ForeColor="Red" 
ValidationExpression="\d{5}(-\d{4})?">
</asp:RegularExpressionValidator>
       </p> 
        <p><asp:Label ID="Label7" 
runat="server" Text="Enter home Phone"></asp:Label>
           <asp:TextBox ID="txtHomePhone" 
runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p> 
            <p><asp:Label ID="Label8" 
runat="server" Text="Enter Email"></asp:Label>
           <asp:TextBox ID="txtEmail" 
runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
       </p> 
        <p><asp:Label ID="Label9" 
runat="server" Text="Enter DonationAmount"></asp:Label>
           <asp:TextBox ID="txtDonation" r
unat="server"></asp:TextBox>
            <asp:CompareValidator ID="CompareValidator1" 
runat="server" 
                ControlToValidate="txtDonation" 
ErrorMessage="Be sure to enter a numeric value" 
                Operator="DataTypeCheck" 
Type="Double"></asp:CompareValidator>
       </p> 
        <asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit" 
            onclick="btnSubmit_Click" />
            <asp:Label ID="lblResult" runat="server" 
Text="Label"></asp:Label>
    </div>
    <asp:ValidationSummary ID="ValidationSummary1" 
runat="server" ForeColor="Red" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

---

Default.aspx

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }
    protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //this method writes all the values from the text field
        //to the Donor class
        //it is in a try catch to catch errors, though you
        //should try to prevent errors by validating fields
        try
        {
            Donor d = new Donor();
            d.FirstName = txtFirstName.Text;
            d.LastName = txtLastName.Text;
            d.Street = txtStreet.Text;
            d.City = txtCity.Text;
            d.State = txtState.Text;
            d.ZipCode = txtZipCode.Text;
            d.HomePhone = txtHomePhone.Text;
            d.Email = txtEmail.Text;
            d.DonationAmount = double.Parse(txtDonation.Text);

            DonationManager dm = new DonationManager(d);

            lblResult.Text = "Your donation has been Processed";

            //Exception exc = new Exception("This is a new Error");
           // throw exc;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            //this puts the error in a session and
            //redirects us to the error page
            Session["err"] = ex;
            Response.Redirect("error.aspx");
        }
    }
}

---

Donor.cs,/p>

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

/// 

/// this class just stores all the values
/// related to the donor and donation
/// 
public class Donor
{
    private string lastName;

    public string LastName
    {
        get { return lastName; }
        set { lastName = value; }
    }
    private string firstName;

    public string FirstName
    {
        get { return firstName; }
        set { firstName = value; }
    }
    private string street;

    public string Street
    {
        get { return street; }
        set { street = value; }
    }
    private string city;

    public string City
    {
        get { return city; }
        set { city = value; }
    }
    private string state;

    public string State
    {
        get { return state; }
        set {
            //if (state.Length > 2)
            //{
            //    Exception e = new Exception("Must use 2 letter abreviation");
            //    throw e;
            //}
            state = value; }
    }
    private string zipCode;

    public string ZipCode
    {
        get { return zipCode; }
        set { zipCode = value; }
    }
    private string homePhone;

    public string HomePhone
    {
        get { return homePhone; }
        set { homePhone = value; }
    }
    private string email;

    public string Email
    {
        get { return email; }
        set { email = value; }
    }
    private double donationAmount;

    public double DonationAmount
    {
        get { return donationAmount; }
        set { donationAmount = value; }
    }

 public Donor()
 {
  

 }
}

---

DonorManager.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;

/// 

/// this is the complex class. It uses ADO to write the
/// donation information to several different database
/// tables
/// 
public class DonationManager
{
    //declare the connection and donor
    //at class scope
    SqlConnection connect;
    Donor donor;

 public DonationManager(Donor d)
 {
        //in the constructor instantiate the connection 
        //assign the donor to the local variable
        //and call the WriteDonor() method
        //the actual connection string is in the 
        //web.config file
        connect = 
            new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings
["CommunityAssistConnection"].ToString());
        donor = d;
        WriteDonor();
 }

    //Write first and last name to person
    //get the personkey
    //write the address information to PersonAddress
    //write phone number and email to personContact
    //need write donation to donation
    private void WriteDonor()
    {
        try
        {
            connect.Open();
            //connect.BeginTransaction(); not working
            //the following lines call the methods
            //that configure the sqlCommand for inserts 
            //into each table
            SqlCommand cmdPerson = WritePerson();
            SqlCommand cmdAddress = WriteAddress();
            SqlCommand cmdPhone = WriteHomePhone();
            SqlCommand cmdEmail = WriteEmail();
            SqlCommand cmdDonation = WriteDonation();
            //execute the commands
            cmdPerson.ExecuteNonQuery();
            cmdAddress.ExecuteNonQuery();
            cmdPhone.ExecuteNonQuery();
            cmdEmail.ExecuteNonQuery();
            cmdDonation.ExecuteNonQuery();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            throw ex;
        }
        finally
        {
            connect.Close();
        }
    }

    private SqlCommand WritePerson()
    {
        //define the sql string
         string sql="Insert into Person(Lastname, Firstname) Values(@Last, @First)";
        //define the command
         SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, connect);
        //provide values for the parameters using the values
        //in the donor class which was passed through the constructor
         cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Last", donor.LastName);
         cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@First", donor.FirstName);

         return cmd;
    }

    //all the other commands behave as the first one
    private SqlCommand WriteAddress()
    {
        string sql = "Insert into PersonAddress(Street, City, State, Zip, PersonKey)"
                           + " Values(@street, @city, @state, @zip, Ident_Current('Person'))";

        SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, connect);
        cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@street", donor.Street);
        cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@city", donor.City);
        cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@state", donor.State);
        cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@zip", donor.ZipCode);

        return cmd;
    }

    private SqlCommand WriteHomePhone()
    {
        string sql = "Insert into PersonContact(ContactInfo, ContactTypeKey, PersonKey) "
        + " Values(@info, 1, Ident_Current('Person'))";
        SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, connect);
        cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@info", donor.HomePhone);
        
        return cmd;
    }

    private SqlCommand WriteEmail()
    {
        string sql = "Insert into PersonContact(ContactInfo, ContactTypeKey, PersonKey) "
       + " Values(@info, 6, Ident_Current('Person'))";
        SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, connect);
        cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@info", donor.Email);

        return cmd;
    }

    private SqlCommand WriteDonation()
    {
        string sql = "Insert into Donation(DonationDate, DonationAmount, PersonKey, EmployeeKey) "
       + " Values(GetDate(), @Amount, Ident_Current('Person'), null)";
        SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, connect);
        cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Amount", donor.DonationAmount);

        return cmd;
    }
}

---

error.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" 
CodeFile="error.aspx.cs" Inherits="error" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Label"></asp:Label>
    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

---

error.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

public partial class error : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //check to see if the session exists
        if (Session["err"] != null)
        {
            //cast the session to the type Exception
            Exception ex = (Exception)Session["err"];
            //view the message
            Label1.Text = ex.Message;
        }
            
    }
}

Sequence Diagram

Here is the original Visio diagram

Here is Scanner.css

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace SequenceTest
{
    class Scanner
    {
        Scan scan;
        string doorState;

        public string DoorState
        {
            get { return doorState; }
            set { doorState = value; }
        }

        public Scanner(string cardNumber, string scannerNumber)
        {
            scan = new Scan();
            scan.CardNumber = cardNumber;
            scan.ScannerNumber = scannerNumber;
            scan.ScanTime = DateTime.Now;
            DoorState="Closed";
            ValidateScan();
        }

        private bool ValidateScan()
        {
            bool valid = false;
            Validator validator = new Validator(scan);
            valid = validator.ScanValidation();
            if (valid)
                DoorState = "open";
            return valid;
        }


    }
}

---

Here is the code for scan.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace SequenceTest
{
    public class Scan
    {
        private string cardNumber;

        public string CardNumber
        {
            get { return cardNumber; }
            set { cardNumber = value; }
        }
        private string scannerNumber;

        public string ScannerNumber
        {
            get { return scannerNumber; }
            set { scannerNumber = value; }
        }
        private DateTime scanTime;

        public DateTime ScanTime
        {
            get { return scanTime; }
            set { scanTime = value; }
        }
    }
}

---

Here is the Validator.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace SequenceTest
{
    class Validator
    {
        Scan scan;

        public Validator(Scan s)
        {
            scan = s;
        }

        public bool ScanValidation()
        {
            bool isvalid = false;
            if (scan.CardNumber.Equals("100")
                && scan.ScanTime.ToShortDateString().Equals("4/24/2012"))
            {
                isvalid = true;
            }

            return isvalid;
        }
    }
}

---

Here is Program.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace SequenceTest
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Scanner s = new Scanner("100", "1");
            Console.WriteLine(s.DoorState);

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

---

Here is the Sequence diagram generated by Visual Studio

---

Here are the Visual Studio generated class diagrams

The Changing Face of Programming

Below is an article I wrote on trends for developers. It is not all that I would like it to be, but it is a beginning.

Here is a link to a PDF of the article: Programming Report

When you finish the article I would appreciate it if you can complete a very brief survey after reading the article

Overview

Developers are used to change. It is part of the job description: new tools, new languages, no problem. But of late, it seems, changes have been more substantial. Not only tools, but platforms and paradigms are in flux. There is the drive to the cloud. Companies are beginning to turn to the cloud to help with the burden of supporting their own server infrastructures. Consumers are storing more of their data on the web, drawn by the convenience of having their books, music, and files available wherever they are and whatever device they are currently using. Further, the explosion of mobile devices such as the IPhone and the various Android phones have created a new class of program called Apps. The sudden rise of tablet computing has further expanded the scope of these apps. Finally, an increasing number of devices offer programming opportunities. GPS devices and devices embedded in dashboards and household appliances are becoming more common. These trends are not isolated from each other. In fact, they are all aspects of a larger trend: the movement away from the desktop computer to more mobile, more specialized platforms and devices. Many of the tools and concepts are the same, and all of them require a strong foundation in programming fundamentals. The question for IT instructors and their students is what skills are required to take advantage of these new trends. What of the traditional programming concepts and practices still apply? What additional concepts and skills should they acquire?

This report is not going to focus on all the convolutions associated with the adoption and expansion of these new technologies. There are complex arguments about whether moving to the cloud is actually cost effective for companies. There are many discussions about the nature and future of apps and what the effect of Windows 8 will have the markets. Strong opinions are expressed on all sides of these issues. There are also the facts, the numbers of cell phones using Android vs. IOS, the numbers of companies adopting cloud strategies, the specific successes and failures of these strategies, etc. This report is going to focus only on the implications for developers and specifically on the implications for IT students who intend to become developers.

---

Programming For the Cloud

"The Cloud" is essentially equivalent to the Internet. Specifically, using the cloud means using the Internet to provide functions normally associated with a personal computer: storing files, accessing applications, accessing company data and services. There are a least three distinct facets of cloud computing. On the consumer side using the cloud means storing personal files such as music and photographs on an Internet server. It also is where most of the apps they use on their phones and tablets store their data. For companies using the cloud means outsourcing applications and company data to another company's Internet servers. From the developer's point of view, the cloud represents a programming paradigm, and sets of tools for creating applications and accessing cloud stored data.

Consumer and corporate adoption of cloud computing has followed a complex pattern. Two large issues stand out: security and availability. For consumers the security issue is essentially one of privacy. Can they trust the companies that provide storage to keep their files and information confidential? To what extent will they allow these companies to use that information to support directed advertising and business intelligence research. For businesses the security issue is even more central. Can they trust the cloud providers to protect their core business secrets and data? Can they trust the providers to back it up and have complete disaster management plans in place? This touches on availability as well, can a company trust that its data will always be available when it is needed? There have already been a couple of high profile failures of cloud services. For a consumer, not being able to access a music file is an inconvenience, for a company the inability to access its data can be a disaster. There is also some question of whether Cloud computing is actually cost effective for companies, and, if so, what specific uses of the cloud make financial sense. All these caveats aside, though, the cloud is likely to grow increasingly central to computing in the foreseeable future.

For developers, and for IT students who intend to become developers, developing for the Cloud and leveraging resources stored on the cloud will become increasingly important activities. The question is what skills do developers need to work with the cloud? Two areas stand out: web development and service oriented architectures.

Basic Web Development

Web applications are still a major component of cloud computing; interfaces for saving and retrieving files from the cloud to actual business applications that allow to create documents or access services. Developing and maintaining these applications will require most of the traditional tools of web:

---

• HTML, XHTML, especially HTML 5
• CSS
• Some knowledge of IP and http protocals
• JavaScript, especially JQuery
• Ajax
• Php, ASP.net with c#, and perhaps other scripting 
        languages like Python
• Some knowledge of SQL and database design
• A good knowledge of secure data access and development

---

Service Architecture

Much of the data on the Cloud is accessed through web services. These services offer a front end to data stores without the client having to know where or how the data is kept. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) focuses on the development of these services and how to aggregate existing services into applications. Developers should know how to incorporate these services and how to develop their own. Again the web development skills listed above are relevant.

There are also platforms for Cloud Development. Microsoft has its Azure development environment. There are also several other IDEs such as Cloud 9 and eXo. Google, Amazon, and Oracle also have cloud development tools and APIs. The Amazon Cloud, it should be noted, is extremely easy to utilize and, for a student or developer, quite inexpensive (often only a few cents a month). Anyone with an Amazon account can sign up for a year’s free service and have a Linux or Windows server created, configured and set up in the cloud.(Links to these and others are listed at the end of the document.)

Secure coding techniques are especially critical in developing for Cloud based services and applications.

---

Apps (Mobile Devices, Tablets)

The term "app" is short for “application”, but it has come to have a special meaning when applied to mobile devices such as phones, mp3 players and tablets. To some extent, these apps, like the term, are abbreviated. They are streamlined to run on the limited resources of a phone or tablet. That isn't to say that some of them aren't quite complex, but no matter how sophisticated, they must run within the constraints of the device they are on.

Apps have become big business, just as a decade ago every company had to have a web site, now every company has to have an app on your phone. Companies are advertising for programmers to create apps. Typically they want people who can program for Apple's IOS and also for Android. (Links for some app development job listings are provided at the end of the document.)

The financial model for these apps is still developing. Many are free. They either generate no revenue for the app creator or they generate revenue by incorporating advertisements. Company based apps are usually free, the app itself being a form of advertising. Many other free apps are "lite" versions which encourage you to upgrade to a more feature rich version for a price. Some apps are sold at a 99 cent level. If an app takes off and is downloaded often enough this can add up to significant revenue. Other, usually serious productivity apps, such as Quick Office, charge comparatively large fees for download. But even these fees are miniscule compared to the prices of comparable software for the PC. An expensive app might be priced around 25 dollars, whereas its pc equivalent would be hundreds of dollars.

For a student, then there would seem to be two opportunities. One would be to work for a company that wants to build and distribute apps to support its business customers and processes. Another is to build their own apps and try to sell them in the app stores.

Typically the industry often wants the same app developed for all platforms, or at least, at this point for both Apple’s IOS and Android.

There are several unique aspects to phone and tablet development. Some of these include:

---

• Location awareness via the GPS services built into the 
        phone or tablet hardware, 
• Web, cloud enabled. Data is accessed from 
        and stored on the cloud. 
• Wireless, blue tooth and 3G or 4G connectivity 
• On phones apps must surrender focus to a phone call, 
        this can involve threading and saving in background
• Memory and storage limits 
        (much less of either than on a laptop or PC)
• Processor limits (typically slower processors)

---

IPhone, IPod, IPad

The apple products use Objective C as a basis for their development. The tools for creating Objective C applications are only available on Apple’s Macintosh computers. Further in order to test a product on an actual device, a developer must join the Apple developers group (free for students, but otherwise for a fee). Then they must upload the program to the developer’s site and download it to their device.

Despite the difficulties, currently apps for Apple Devices—the IPhone, IPod and IPad—have the most potential and are the most sought after.

Android Phones and Tablets

Currently, Android devices are very competitive with Apple devices on the market. Android uses a subset of Java and Xml for developing apps. Android’s chief advantages for developers are the inexpensiveness and availability of its tools. Both Java and the Android SDK are free and can be incorporated into free, but robust programming environments such as Eclipse and the Motorola programming environment. One can also copy apps directly from the computer to a device for testing.

The disadvantages of Android are found in the variety of versions of the operating system in simultaneous use. It is hard to create an app that is guaranteed to work on all devices. Also distribution is less centralized and incorporates less quality control than the Apple products. The SDK itself is not entirely stable. Frequent bugs are encountered.

Windows Phones and Tablets

Windows phones offer an opportunity to develop apps for an operating system that currently doesn’t have many apps—an opportunity to get in on the ground floor. Currently, phones with the Microsoft OS are a distant 4th in commercial sales (behind Apple, Android and Blackberry ), but with Nokeia’s now manufacturing Windows’ phones and Microsoft’s new Windows 8 operating system (see below) , the Window’s platform has the potential to grow enormously.

Windows Phone apps are developed using C# and Xml, specifically XAML (was Silverlight) and XNA (Xbox). They can also be developed using HTML 5 and JavaScript.

Blackberry Apps

Blackberry is fading from the consumer phone scene. They recently made the decision to focus on Commercial business customers. Like Android, Blackberry apps are written mainly in Java.

HTML 5 and Cross platform development

It is possible, with HTML 5, CSS, JavaScript and a platform like PhoneGap (http://phonegap.com/) to develop once and deploy on all platforms. The applications developed this way run in the device browser though without the address bar or any browser toolbars. Because of a JavaScript add in, these applications can access most of the native services of the OS.

The advantages are obvious, especially for someone who is more familiar with Web Development than with Java or Objective c. Design of the application is just a matter of html and CSS. JavaScript is used to tie into the native API. Development times can be faster and one can develop for IOS, Android and Windows phones all at once. In the case of PhoneGap, a developer can send the raw files to PhoneGap and they will return them with an executable for each platform.

The disadvantages are more subtle. The html platforms typically are a little behind the primary phone developments, so not all the latest features of the operating systems and devices may be available. Because the HTML5 apps run in a browser control, essentially as a web page, they may not have the appropriate look and feel of a native app. It is entirely up to the developer to implement this in CSS. Additionally, especially for complex apps, the fact that the app runs in a browser control may affect performance to some degree.

Which approach to take, native code development or HTML5, depends on the nature of the app being developed. There is a lot to be said for the HTML5 approach, especially for simpler apps. For more control, greater extensibility and guaranteed access to the system, native coding is better.

---

Windows Eight

Windows Eight is Microsoft’s attempt to create an operating system that is consistent across all platforms. It should look and behave essentially the same whether on a desktop, laptop, tablet, phone, or embedded device. All will share the same interface called “Metro,” which can be manipulated by mouse, touch, voice and possible gesture. Metro applications are deeply integrated with the cloud and social networks. Opinions vary as to the potential success and effect of Windows 8. Some see it as the paradigm for computing in the near future and others see it as a belated attempt by Microsoft to make inroads into a market already controlled by Apple and Android. But whatever the ultimate outcome, Windows 8 will be on millions of computers and developers should grow comfortable with developing for it.

In its current form Windows eight has two development targets. A developer can develop for the Windows 7 desktop, or for the Metro applications native to Windows 8. The desktop applications will not transfer to tablets or phones, and it is likely that Microsoft will phase out the Windows 7 compatibility in future versions of the operating system. Therefore it is prudent to focus on the new Metro interface.

Programming for Window's Metro can be done with a variety of tools. A developer can use HTML 5 and JavaScript, he or she can use c# or VB with XAML, or a developer can use the XBox XNA tools (also c# and XML). Visual Studio is the default developers platform, though Microsoft has also introduced the Web Expression IDE which provides a less code centric way of producing sophisticated applications.

---

Social Networking

Existing Social Networking does offer some opportunities for the developer. These opportunities are really of two kinds. One is to develop secondary apps such as games and services that can be accessed through a social network like Facebook such as Farmville. These games are typically created in Adobe’s Flash platform. A second opportunity exists in data mining, in creating programs that collect and analyze information about the users of social networks.

The more likely interaction with the social networks for the app or web developer is the need to incorporate social networking into their programs. This can be as simple as linking to Facebook or Twitter or as complex as developing new social networking tools specific to their app or site.

---

Device Programming

By Device programming I am referring to devices other than phones and tablets. These devices are numerous and becoming more so every day. They include things that are common now like GPS devices. But there are many others. Cars increasingly have computer applications built into their dashboards (as well as the code that is now necessary for their engines to run). Household appliances may soon have computer code that will link them to phones and tablets.

Currently, the language of choice for these devices is Java. That may or may not change with time.

---

Conclusions

As noted at the beginning all these topics are related. Apps use the Cloud. The Cloud and app both incorporate the web. Social networking is ubiquitous throughout it all. Many of the skill sets required are also the same.

Basic programming skills are still required. Nobody can approach the more advanced features or make use of these development opportunities who does not have a good foundation in programming fundamentals. Below is a list of some of those skills in no particular order:

---

• One still has to master declaring variables, 
        writing statements, using selection and repetition  
        structures, creating and accessing arrays, etc.. 
• In addition, one needs the object oriented concepts. 
        One must understand how to instantiate and use objects. 
• One should also know how to extend them through inheritance. 
• Using collections such as lists and hash tables is valuable. 
• File IO, especially with XML is important. 
• Understanding event driven architecture and how 
        to respond to event calls is critical.
• Algorithms and program planning--UML
• Security requirements. How to write secure code

---

In addition to these skills a developer should also have a good grasp of:

---

• Service Oriented architecture, how to create and 
        consume services
• Threading, separating processes for background operations
• Forms and user Interface development
• Database structures with some SQL (for SQL lite in 
        Android and for developing services that talk to databases)
• Code and memory optimization 
• Networking protocols particularly IP, http, https.
• Incorporating social networking

---

Notes and References

ICT Trends Book, Center of Excellence for Information and Computing Technology,Bellevue College. Bellevue, 2011

Cloud Computing

Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

PC Magazine
http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2372163,00.asp

IBM
http://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/us/en

Wired

http://www.wired.com/cloudline/2011/12/moores-law-cloud/

MSNBC (on cloud computing and other trends)
http://gadgetbox.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/05/9956634-ces-2012-preview-top-7-mobile-and-computing-trends-to-watch

Cloud Service Providers

Microsoft
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/readynow/

Amazon
http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/

Google http://www.google.com/apps/intl/en/business/index.html#utm_campaign=en&utm_source=en-ha-na-us-bk&utm_medium=ha&utm_term=%2Bgoogle%20%2Bcloud

Apps

Articles

http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-app-economy-is-creating-jobs-2011-09-20

http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20110323/SMALLBIZ/110329951

http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/08/ff_webrip/all/1

Article from ReadWriteWeb: http://www.readwriteweb.com/mobile/2010/09/native-apps-account-for-half-of-mobile-internet-traffic.php

Developers Sites

Apples IOS
Development http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#referencelibrary/GettingStarted/URL_Tools_for_iPhone_OS_Development/_index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40007593

Android Development http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html

Windows Phone Development
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff402531(v=vs.92).aspx

Blackberry Phone Development
https://bdsc.webapps.blackberry.com/devzone/

Phone Gap
http://phonegap.com/

Android Object Model

This image comes from the Android development web site( http://www.android.org ). It depicts the basic Android Object model.

---

---

Android runs on a Linux kernel. Android is Java and runs on a specially taylored Java run time virtual machine called "Dalvik"

Above that are the basic Android libraries that tie into graphics libraries and sql lite among other things.

Next is the application Framework which provides the APIs for Android application development

Android applications ride on the top most layer

Create and alter Table

--Create tables
use CommunityAssist

--creating a table
-- if you need a schema just add the schema.TableName
--employee.Meeting

Create table Meeting
(
 MeetingID int identity(1,1) primary key,
 MeetingDate Date not null,
 MeetingTopic NVarchar(255) not null,
 MeetingNotes xml
)

--an example of a auto generated key
--PK__Meeting__E9F9E9AC33D4B598

--table with keys as named constraints
Create Table MeetingAttendance
(
 MeetingAttendanceId int identity(1,1),
 MeetingID int not null Foreign key references Meeting(MeetingID),
 EmployeeKey int not null,
 Constraint PK_MeetingAttendance Primary Key(MeetingAttendanceID),
 Constraint FK_EmployeeAttending Foreign Key (EmployeeKey)
  References Employee(EmployeeKey)
)

--this table is made without any constraints
Create table MeetingRating
(
 MeetingRatingID int identity (1,1),
 MeetingId int not null,
 Rating int default 0
)

--the constraints are added in alter table statments

Alter table MeetingRating
Add Constraint PK_MeetingRating 
Primary key(MeetingRatingID)

Alter table MeetingRating
Add Constraint FK_Meeting Foreign Key(MeetingID)
References Meeting (MeetingID)

--this does a check constraint that 
--limits the value to values between 0 and 5
Alter Table MeetingRating
Add Constraint ck_RatingValue Check
(Rating between 0 and 5)--

--this would force the Meeting Rating value
--to be unique
Alter table MeetingRating
Add Constraint uq_Rating unique (Rating)

--this drops the rating constraint
Alter Table MeetingRating
Drop Constraint uq_Rating

--Drop Table MeetingRating

--to alter or even rename a column
--you must drop it an re add it
--you will lose any data in the column
--if you don't copy it somewhere
Alter table Meeting
Drop column MeetingNotes


Alter table Meeting
Add MeetingNotes xml

Activity Diagrams

Here is an example of a basic Activity diagram. Activity diagrams depict the flow of actions in a process

---

---

Here is a second version of the same Activity but using "Swim Lanes." Swim Lanes divide the activities according to which objects or areas have responsibility for that activity.

---

Refactoring Example Class

Refactoring

Refactoring refers to the process of rearranging code to make it more elegant and efficient. These rearrangements do not affect the function of the code, but make it more readable and maintainable

Refactoring can involve any of the following activities

1. Renaming variables
2. Encapsulating Fields in sets and gets
3. Extracting methods (taking repeating code putting it in its own method)
4. Extracting an interface
5. Extracting classes (breaking code into new separate classes)
6. Extracting super classes<

Here is a picture of the class diagram for the class

---

---

here is the code for a class we will practice refactoring in class

---

public class Tip {
/*
 * Assume the programmer wanted to expand the tip class
 * to handle tips for things other than a meal 
 * such as taxis and valet parking
 * For taxis the suggested tip is a percent of the
 * meter cost plus a dollar per bag
 * For the valet parking it is a little looser
 * based on the expense or quality of the venue and the
 * expensiveness of your car
 * The programmer has adapted the one class to handle the 
 * different types of tips
 */
 
 private double mealAmount;
 private double tipPercent;
 private double taxPercent;
 private double cabFare;
 private int bags;
 private int eventRating; //1 to 5 five most expensive
 private int vehicleValue; //(1 to 5);
 private final double CABPERCENT =.07;
 //*************************************************
 //Constructors for the various uses
 //**************************************************
 //empty constructor
 public Tip(){
  
 }
 //Meal tip constructor
 public Tip(double meal, double tipPerc, double tax){
  setMealAmount(meal);
  setTipPercent(tipPerc);
  setTaxPercent(tax);
 }
 
 //constructor for taxis
 public Tip(double fare, int bags){
  setCabFare(fare);
  setBags(bags);
 }
 
 //constructor for Valet
 public Tip(int event, int vehicle){
  setEventRating(event);
  setVehicleValue(vehicle);
 }
 
 //*********************************************
 //gets and sets
 //*********************************************
 public double getMealAmount() {
  return mealAmount;
 }
 public void setMealAmount(double mealAmount) {
  this.mealAmount = mealAmount;
 }
 public double getTipPercent() {
  return tipPercent;
 }
 public void setTipPercent(double tipPercent) {
  if(tipPercent >=1){
   tipPercent /= 100;
  }
  this.tipPercent = tipPercent;
 }
 public double getTaxPercent() {
  
  return taxPercent;
 }
 public void setTaxPercent(double taxPercent) {
  if(taxPercent >=1){
   taxPercent /= 100;
  }
  this.taxPercent = taxPercent;
 }
 public double getCabFare() {
  return cabFare;
 }
 public void setCabFare(double cabFare) {
  this.cabFare = cabFare;
 }
 public int getBags() {
  return bags;
 }
 public void setBags(int bags) {
  this.bags = bags;
 }
 private int getEventRating() {
  return eventRating;
 }
 private void setEventRating(int eventRating) {
  if (eventRating < 1 )
   eventRating = 1;
  else if (eventRating > 5)
   eventRating=5;
  
  this.eventRating = eventRating;
 }
 public int getVehicleValue() {
  if (vehicleValue< 1 )
   vehicleValue = 1;
  else if (vehicleValue > 5)
   vehicleValue=5;
  return vehicleValue;
 }
 public void setVehicleValue(int vehicleValue) {
  this.vehicleValue = vehicleValue;
 }
 
 //**************************************
 //public methods
 //*************************************
 //calculate tip percent
 
 public double calculateMealTip(){
  return getMealAmount() * getTipPercent();
 }

 //calculate Taxi Tip
 public double calculateTaxiTip(){
  return getCabFare() * CABPERCENT + getBags();
 }
 
 public double calculateValetTip(){
  int weight=getVehicleValue() + getEventRating();
  double tipAmount=0;
  switch (weight){
  case 1: 
  case 2:
  case 3:
   tipAmount=5;
   break;
  case 4:
  case 5:
  case 6:
   tipAmount=10;
   break;
  case 7:
  case 8:
   tipAmount=15;
  case 9:
  case 10:
   tipAmount=20;
   break;
  default:
   tipAmount=10;
   break;
  }
  
  return tipAmount;
    
 
 }
 
 public double calculateTax(){
  
  return getMealAmount()*getTaxPercent();
 }
 
 public double CalculateMealTotal(){
  return getMealAmount() + calculateTax() + calculateMealTip();
 }
 
 public double CalculateTaxiTotal(){
  return getCabFare()+calculateTaxiTip();
 }
 
 public double CalculateValetTotal(){
  return calculateValetTip();
 }
}

Insert, Update, Delete

--Inserts updates and deletes
Use CommunityAssist

--basic insert statement
Insert into Person (LastName, FirstName)
Values ('Bowie', 'David')

--inserting multiple rows
Insert into Person(LastName, FirstName)
Values('Madonna', null),
('Dylan', 'Bob'),
('Gaga', 'Lady')

--inserting into a child table (need to have the foreign key)
Insert into PersonAddress( Street, Apartment, [State], City, Zip, PersonKey)
Values('Somewhere on the Road',null,'Mn','Duluth',null, 54)

Select * From Person

Select LastName, FirstName, Street, [State], City
From Person p
inner join PersonAddress pa
on p.PersonKey=pa.PersonKey
Where LastName='Dylan'

Insert into Person(LastName, FirstName)
Values('Young', 'Neil')

--the ident_current(table name) returns the last key generated
--for the named table, though that only works
--on tables with an int identity key
Insert into PersonContact(ContactInfo, PersonKey, ContactTypeKey)
Values('neilyoung@harvest.com',IDENT_CURRENT('Person'), 6)


Select * from PersonContact

-- create a new table
Create table Person2
(
 LastName nvarchar(255),
 firstName nvarchar(255)
)

--copy all the lastnames and firstnames
--from Person into the new table
--the new table's columns must have 
--compatible datatypes and there must be
--the same number of fields in the select
--as in the insert
Insert into Person2(Lastname, firstname)
Select lastname, firstname from Person

Select * from Person2

--basic update with criteria
--almost always an update should have
--clear and precise criteria
Update Person2
Set firstName='Jane'
where firstName='Jay'
and LastName='Anderson'

--updating multiple fields
Update Person2
Set LastName='Manning',
firstName='Lewis'
where LastName='Mann'
and firstName='Louis'

--Deletes all records from person2
Delete From Person2

--same as delete
Truncate table Person2

--you can manually control transactions 
--for safety
--a transaction can either be committed (written to database)
--or rolled back
Begin tran
Update Person2
Set LastName='smith'
Where LastName='Carmel'

commit tran
Rollback tran
Select * From Person2

Begin tran
Delete from Person
Delete from PersonAddress
Select * from Person

RollBack tran

Begin tran

Alter table Person2
Drop column firstname

Rollback tran

Update Donation
set DonationAmount=DonationAmount *1.1

Select * from Donation

Login Example

Don't forget to add this line to the web.config file. Also don't break up the connectionString line. I did that to make it fit on the blog page.

---

<connectionStrings>
     <add name="CommunityAssistConnection" 
          connectionString="Data Source=LocalHost;
              initial catalog=CommunityAssist;
              integrated security=true" />
</connectionStrings>

Here is the login class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
//the Ado and config libraries
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;

/// 

/// Summary description for LoginClass
/// 
public class LoginClass
{
    private string user;
    private string pass;
 
        public LoginClass(string username, string password)
        {
            user=username;
            pass=password;
        }

        public bool ValidateLogin()
        {
            bool valid = false;
            SqlConnection connect = 
                new SqlConnection
                    (ConfigurationManager.
                    ConnectionStrings["CommunityAssistConnection"].
                    ToString());

            string Sql = "SELECT LastName, SSNumber "
                            + "FROM Person "
                            + "Inner Join Employee "
                            + "On Person.PersonKey=Employee.PersonKey "
                            + " Where Lastname=@user "
                            + "And SSNumber=@pass";

            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(Sql, connect);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@user", user);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@pass", pass);

            DataSet ds = new DataSet();

            SqlDataReader reader = null;
            connect.Open();
            reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
            ds.Load(reader, System.Data.LoadOption.OverwriteChanges,"Validate");
            reader.Dispose();
            connect.Close();

            foreach (DataRow row in ds.Tables["Validate"].Rows)
            {
                if (row["LastName"].ToString().Equals(user) 
&& row["SSNumber"].ToString().Equals(pass))
                {
                    valid = true;
                    
                }
            }




            return valid;
        }
}

---

here is source for Default.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" 
CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC 
"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        <asp:Login ID="Login1" runat="server" BackColor="#F7F7DE" BorderColor="#CCCC99" 
            BorderStyle="Solid" BorderWidth="1px" Font-Names="Verdana" 
            Font-Size="10pt" onauthenticate="Login1_Authenticate1">
            <TitleTextStyle BackColor="#6B696B" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#FFFFFF"  />
        </asp:Login>
    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

---

Here is the code behind Default.aspx

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }
    
    protected void Login1_Authenticate1(object sender, AuthenticateEventArgs e)
    {
        LoginClass l = new LoginClass(Login1.UserName, Login1.Password);
        bool good = l.ValidateLogin();
        if (good)
        {
            e.Authenticated = true;
            Session["loginName"] = Login1.UserName.ToString();
            Response.Redirect("Default2.aspx");

        }
    }
}

---

Here is the source for Default2.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" 
CodeFile="Default2.aspx.cs" Inherits="Default2" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Label"></asp:Label>
    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

---

Here is the code behind Default2.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

public partial class Default2 : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string name = Session["loginName"].ToString();
        Label1.Text = "Welcome " + name;
    }
}

Kioak objects from Class

Kiosk Objects

Item (code, name, price, weight, restricted, sold by, taxable)

Scanner (item, scanitem(), AddToShoppingCart() )

BagScale

ProduceScale

Display

Print

ATM (another who system--actors)

DataBase (Another system—actors)

Customer

Clerk

Alert

Shopping cart

Coupon

---

here is the diagram for the Item object

ArrayList Sample

These classes show a Sale class that contains an ArrayList of items. Item is a separate class that acts as a container for a set of fields.

Here is the code

Here is Item.java

---

public class Item {
 private String itemNumber;
 private String itemName;
 private double ItemPrice;
 
 public String getItemNumber() {
  return itemNumber;
 }
 public void setItemNumber(String itemNumber) {
  this.itemNumber = itemNumber;
 }
 String getItemName() {
  return itemName;
 }
 void setItemName(String itemName) {
  this.itemName = itemName;
 }
 double getItemPrice() {
  return ItemPrice;
 }
 void setItemPrice(double itemPrice) {
  ItemPrice = itemPrice;
 }
}

---

Sale.java

import java.util.*;
public class Sale {

 String saleNumber;
 String saleDate;
 ArrayList<Item> items;
 
 public Sale(String saleNumber, String saleDate){
  this.saleNumber=saleNumber;
  this.saleDate=saleDate;
  items=new ArrayList<Item>();
 }
 
 public void addItem(Item i){
  items.add(i);
 }
 
 public ArrayList<Item> getItems(){
  return items;
 }
 
 public double calculateTotalSale(){
  double total=0;
  for(Item i : items){
   total+=i.getItemPrice();
  }
  return total;
 }
}

---

Main.java

import java.util.*;

public class Main {

 /**
  * @param args
  */
 
 Sale s;
 
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  
  Main m = new Main();
  m.CreateSale();
  m.ReadSale();
 
  
 }
 
 private void CreateSale()
 {
  s = new Sale("2221", "4/16/2012");
  Item i = new Item();
  i.setItemName("Apple");
  i.setItemNumber("1");
  i.setItemPrice(1000000.00);
  s.addItem(i);
  
  Item i2 = new Item();
  i2.setItemName("IBM");
  i2.setItemNumber("2");
  i2.setItemPrice(100000.00);
  s.addItem(i2);
 }
 
 private void ReadSale(){
  ArrayList<Item>items=s.getItems(); 
  for(Item item : items ){
   System.out.println(item.getItemName());
   System.out.println(item.getItemPrice());
  }
  
  System.out.println(s.calculateTotalSale());
 }

}

Sub Queries

--having example
 --where always comes before group by
--having always comes after group by
--having is for criteria that uses a aggregate function 
Select LastName, FirstName, Sum(DonationAmount)
From Employee e
Inner join Person p
on p.PersonKey = e.PersonKey
inner join Donation d
on e.EmployeeKey =d.EmployeeKey
Where LastName like 'l%'
Group by LastName, FirstName
Having SUM(DonationAmount) > 9000

Select MAX(DonationAmount) from Donation

--using a sub query to get the info about
--which donation is the maximum
Select DonationKey, DonationDate, donationAmount, PersonKey
From Donation
Where DonationAmount = 
(Select MAX(DonationAmount) From Donation)

--all the donations greater than the average donation
Select DonationKey, DonationDate, donationAmount, PersonKey
From Donation
Where DonationAmount > 
(Select Avg(DonationAmount) From Donation)

Select AVG(donationAmount) From Donation

--include the average as a subquery in the select
Select DonationKey, DonationDate, donationAmount,
(Select AVG(donationAmount) From Donation) as Average, PersonKey
From Donation
Where DonationAmount > 
(Select Avg(DonationAmount) From Donation)

--this assigns the subquery to a variable and uses it
--whereever the subquery would be used
Declare @Average money
Select @Average=AVG(DonationAmount) From Donation
Select DonationKey, DonationDate, donationAmount,
@Average as Average, PersonKey
From Donation
Where DonationAmount > @Average

--uses subqueries to get the differance
--between the donation and the average donation
Select DonationKey, DonationDate, donationAmount,
(Select AVG(donationAmount) From Donation) as Average, 
DonationAmount-(Select AVG(donationAmount) From Donation) 
as [Difference],
PersonKey
From Donation
Where DonationAmount > 
(Select Avg(DonationAmount) From Donation)

--use in and a subquery as a substitute
--for a join
Select LastName, Firstname
From Person
Where PersonKey in
 (Select PersonKey from Donation)

--this gets the lastname into the query by means
--of a subquery (which contains a join) 
Select (select lastname From Person p where p.personkey =
personAddress.personkey) Lastname,PersonAddressKey, Street, Apartment, 
[State], City, Zip, PersonKey
From PersonAddress
Where PersonKey in (Select PersonKey From Donation)

--a three table sub query
Select LastName, Firstname
From Person
where PersonKey in 
(Select PersonKey From Employee where EmployeeKey in
 (Select EmployeeKey from ServiceGrant))

--three table subquery with not in
--returns everyone who is not an employee
Select LastName, Firstname
From Person
where PersonKey  in 
(Select PersonKey From Employee where EmployeeKey  not in
 (Select EmployeeKey from ServiceGrant))
 
 
 
 --use of any
 --returns any value that is greater than any other value
 --eveything except the minimum value
 Select DonationAmount from Donation
 where DonationAmount > any 
 (Select DonationAmount from Donation)
 
 --use of all, returns a value that is greater than
 --or equal to all the values
 --same as returning the maximum value
 Select DonationAmount from Donation
 where DonationAmount >= all 
 (Select DonationAmount from Donation)
 
 --exists returns a boolean. This tests
 --where a particular table exists in a system table
 if exists 
  (Select name from sys.tables where name='donation')
 begin
 print 'yep it''s there'
 end
 else
 Begin
 print 'Nope it''s not'
 end
 
 --some system table stuff
 Select name from sys.Tables
 
 use master
 
 Select name from sys.databases
 
 use CommunityAssist
 
 --this system stored procedure returns everything
 --from the system tables about the table
 --Donation
 exec sp_Help  'Donation'

Swing Menus

This code represents a simple example of how to use and implement Swing Menus to open additional forms. An alternate way, that doesn't use multiple forms but rather switches out JPanels in a single frame is the CardLayout. You may want to explore this in the documentation and with on-line examples.

Here are pictures of the programs menus and forms running.

File Menu

---

---

Edit Menu

---

---

After clicking the Form 1 menu

---

---

Here is the code for MainWindow.java which includes the menus.

---

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class MainWindow extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
 
 /**
  * this form creates a simple menu
  * under File there is only one menu item, Exit
  * under Edit you have option to open Form1 
  * and Form2
  */
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 JFrame frame;
 JPanel panel;
 JMenu menuFile;
 JMenu menuEdit;
 JMenuBar menuBar;
 JMenuItem menuItem1;
 JMenuItem menuItem2;
 JMenuItem menuItem3;
 
 public MainWindow(){
  createMenu();
  frame = new JFrame();
  frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
  
  this.setJMenuBar(menuBar);
  createPanel();
  
  this.add(panel);
 
  
 }

 private void createMenu(){
  
  //Declare a new menu bar
  menuBar = new JMenuBar();
  
  //create a Menu on that menu bar
  menuFile = new JMenu("File");
  //this sets a keyboard equivalent 
  //on PCs ALT F
  menuFile.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_F);
  
  //Define the menu items
  menuItem1 = new JMenuItem("Exit");
  menuItem1.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_X);
  menuItem1.addActionListener(this);
  
  menuEdit = new JMenu("Edit");
  menuEdit.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_E);
  
  menuItem2=new JMenuItem("Form1");
  menuItem2.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_1);
  menuItem2.addActionListener(this);
 
  menuItem3 = new JMenuItem("Form2");
  menuItem3.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_2);
  menuItem3.addActionListener(this);
  
  //Add the menu items to the menus
  menuFile.add(menuItem1);
  menuEdit.add(menuItem2);
  menuEdit.add(menuItem3);
  
  //add the menus to the menu bar
  menuBar.add(menuFile);
  menuBar.add(menuEdit);
  
  
  
 }
 
 
 
 private void createPanel(){
  panel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
  JLabel label=new JLabel("Main Form");
  panel.add(label);
  //frame.add(panel);
 }

 @Override
 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
  Object source = arg0.getSource();
  if(source==menuItem1)
   System.exit(0);
  if(source==menuItem2){
   JFrame frame = new Form1();
   frame.setBounds(200,200,350,120);
   frame.setVisible(true);
   
  }
  if(source==menuItem3){
   JFrame frame = new Form2();
   frame.setBounds(200,200,350,120);
   frame.setVisible(true);
   
  }
  
 }

 
}

---

Here are the two forms

Form1.java

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;

public class Form1 extends JFrame {
 
 public Form1(){
  JFrame frame=new JFrame();
  JPanel panel; 
  panel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
  JLabel label=new JLabel("Form1");
  panel.add(label);
  this.add(panel);
 }
}

---

Form2.java

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.FlowLayout;

public class Form2 extends JFrame{
 
 public Form2(){
 JFrame frame=new JFrame();
 JPanel panel; 
 panel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
 JLabel label=new JLabel("Form2");
 panel.add(label);
 this.add(panel);
 }
}

---

Here is the Main.java class

import javax.swing.*;

public class Main {

 /**
  * @param args
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  JFrame m = new MainWindow();
  m.setBounds(100,100,350,120);
  m.setVisible(true);

 }

}

ADO Example One

The form has a Gridview and a button. Here is the code for the first ADO example. I commented it thoroughly

---

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
//ADO libraries
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }
    protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //create a connection object for connecting to the database
        //the Data source is the server 
        //the initial catalog is the database
        //integrated security means use your windows account for authentication
        //only works if your windows account has permission in sql Server
        SqlConnection connect = new SqlConnection
            ("Data source=localhost;Initial Catalog=CommunityAssist;integrated Security=true");

        //sql string
        string sql = "Select * from [Service]";

        //the command object passes the sql through the connection
        //to the server
        SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, connect);

        //the data reader reads the data
        //but doesn't retain it
        SqlDataReader reader = null;

        //open the connection
        //most errors will occur here because
        //this is the first time that any of the code
        //is actually executed
        connect.Open(); 
        //execute the reader through the command object
        reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
        //write the data into the GridView
        GridView1.DataSource = reader;
        //bind the data to the grid
        GridView1.DataBind();
        //get rid of the reader
        reader.Dispose();
        //close the connection
        connect.Close();
    }
}

Use Cases

Here are the diagrams we did in class. The first diagram looks at the system from the employees perspective. The employee is seen as a child (inheriting) from the actor person. The change schedule use case is dependent on the employee logging in. The contact security use case extends the use case Access doors. If the door fails to open, security will be alerted.

---

---

here is a written description of the employee use case Access Assigned doors.

---

Use Case: Access Assigned Rooms
Initial Condition: Valid Employee Card.  Scheduled for Room. 
Door Locked.  (System on and Armed)
Trigger: Employee requires Access
Steps: 
   1.   Swipe card
   2.   Card number, Time, Date, Scanner Number sent to be 
          Validated
   3.   Card number matched, access validated
   4.   Scan logged as good
   5.   Door unlocked
Post Condition: Door Status Open

---

Here is the Security use case diagram.

---

Here is a link to an open source program that will do UML if you don't have or want Viso. It should also work on a MAC. ArgoUML

Joins

--Joins 

Use CommunityAssist

--simple inner join you using the inner join syntax
--you must specify how the tables relate in the on clause
--almost always primary key=foreignkey (though
--the order doesn't matter)
--inner joins return only matching records
Select Firstname, lastname, DonationAmount, donationDate
From Person
Inner Join Donation --inner join and just join are equivalent
On Person.PersonKey=Donation.PersonKey

--this is an older syntax to do the same thing
Select Firstname, lastname, DonationAmount, donationDate
From Person, Donation
Where Person.PersonKey=Donation.PersonKey;

--multiple table join
--contacttypekey 1 = home phone
--this returns fewer donors because 4 don't have
--home phones
Select Firstname, lastname, ContactInfo [phone],
DonationAmount, donationDate
From Person
Inner Join Donation
On Person.PersonKey=Donation.PersonKey
inner join PersonContact
on Person.PersonKey=PersonContact.PersonKey
Where ContactTypeKey=1

--same as above older syntax
Select Firstname, lastname, ContactInfo [phone],
DonationAmount, donationDate
From Person, Donation, PersonContact
Where person.PersonKey=donation.PersonKey
And person.PersonKey=PersonContact.PersonKey
And ContactTypeKey=1

--inner join using table aliases
Select p.personkey, Firstname, lastname, ContactInfo [phone],
DonationAmount, donationDate
From Person p
Inner Join Donation d
On p.PersonKey=d.PersonKey
inner join PersonContact pc
on p.PersonKey=pc.PersonKey
Where ContactTypeKey=1

--explicit cross join syntax
--a cross join matches each record in the 
--first named table with every record in the second one
Select Lastname, DonationDate
From Person
Cross Join Donation

--the older cross join syntax
Select Lastname, DonationDate
From Person, Donation

Select * From [Service]
--an outer join to see which grant types
--have never been granted
--an outer join returns all the records from one
--table, here the left or first table, and only
--matching records from the second (right) table
--in the result set, those from the first table
--that have no matches in the second table
--show up as nulls
Select Servicename, GrantAmount
From [Service] s
Left Outer Join ServiceGrant sg
on s.ServiceKey = sg.ServiceKey
Where GrantAmount is null

--a full outer join returns all the records from each
--table whether or not they have matching records 
--in the other 
Select Servicename, GrantAmount
From [Service] s
full Outer Join ServiceGrant sg
on s.ServiceKey = sg.ServiceKey

---

Here is a little example of self joins

--a self join joins a table with itself
--here is a little script to show
--an example

Create Database sample
GO
Use sample
Go
Create table Employee
(
EmployeeID int Primary key,
lastName varchar(30) not null,
Supervisior int
)
GO
Insert into Employee
Values(1,'Smith', 3)
Insert into Employee
Values(2,'Rogers', 3)
Insert into Employee
Values(3,'Johnson', null)
Insert into Employee
Values(4,'Larson', 2)
Insert into Employee
Values(5,'Standish', 3)

--the self join
Select e.LastName as employee, s.Lastname as supervisor
From employee e
Inner join employee s
on s.employeeid=e.supervisior 

Objects for Card Scan System

Objects for Door electronic security system. This is only a preliminary brainstorming of the objects.

These are Domain objects. that means that they relate to the main business logic of the application. typically there are also Display objects that describe the forms and views of the application, and Data objects that control the access to data through files or database connections

---

Card      Employees      Clock(Schedule)
Lock      Administrator  Alarm(Alert)
Scanner   Security       scan
Validator Door           Visitor

---

Here is a simple class object for the Scan object

Aggregate Functions

--aggregate functions
--sum, max, avg, min, count 

use CommunityAssist 

--this and the next return all rows
Select COUNT(DonationKey) [Number of Donations] 
From Donation


Select COUNT(*) [Number of Donations] 
From Donation

--this only returns the number of those with dependents
Select COUNT(Dependents) from Employee
Select COUNT (*) From Employee

Select SUM(DonationAmount) total From Donation
--Distinct only includes unduplicated  values 
Select SUM(Distinct DonationAmount) total From Donation

Select AVG(DonationAmount) average From Donation
Select AVG(Distinct DonationAmount) average From Donation

Select DonationAmount from Donation order by DonationAmount desc

--return biggest (also with cast to format it)
Select '$' + Cast(MAX(donationAmount) as CHAR(10)) From Donation

--return smallest value
Select MIN(donationAmount)From Donation

--
Select * from Donation

--any column in the SELECT that is not a part of an aggregate function,
--must be included in a GROUP BY Clause
Select EmployeeKey, COUNT(DonationKey) [number of Donations]
From Donation
Group by EmployeeKey

--a scalar (row by row) function with an aggregate
--you have to group by the scalar
Select MONTH(DonationDate) [Month], SUM(DonationAmount) total
From Donation
Group by MONTH(DonationDate)
Order by [Month]

--You must use HAVING with any criteria that uses an
--aggregate function
--these examples have both a having and a where clause
Select EmployeeKey, AVG(DonationAmount) Average
From Donation
Where EmployeeKey > 2
Group by EmployeeKey
Having AVG(DonationAmount) < 1000

Select Lastname,COUNT(Lastname) From Person
Where LastName Like 's%'
Group by lastname
Having count(LastName) > 1

Assignment 1 Examples

Here is the Default.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" 
CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default"  %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
    <link href="A1Example.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <h1>Calculator Example</h1>
    <div>
    <table>
    <tr>
    <td colspan="2">
        <asp:TextBox ID="txtDisplay" runat="server">
</asp:TextBox></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>
        <asp:Button ID="btn1" runat="server" Text="1" 
        CssClass="button" OnClick="number_click" /></td>
        <!--These buttons share the same event-->
    <td>
        <asp:Button ID="btn2" runat="server" Text="2" 
        CssClass="button"  OnClick="number_click"/></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>
        <asp:Button ID="btnAdd" runat="server" Text="+"  CssClass="button" 
            onclick="btnAdd_Click"/></td>
    <td>
        <asp:Button ID="btnClear" runat="server" 
Text="Clear" CssClass="button"/></td>
    </tr>
     <tr>
    <td colspan="2">
        <asp:Button ID="btnEqual" runat="server" Text="="  
CssClass="button" 
            onclick="btnEqual_Click" /></td>
    </tr>
    </table>
    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

---

Default.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }
    protected void number_click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //this handles the number buttons
        //determine which number was clicked
        //and get the text from it
        Button b = (Button)sender;
        txtDisplay.Text += b.Text; //add to existing text
    }
    protected void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //get the number from the textbox
        //using the GetNumber() method
        double num = GetNumber();

        //check to see if there is a number in the session
        if (Session["number"] != null)
        {
            //add the new number to the one in the session
            double n1 = (double)Session["number"];
            Session["number"] = n1 + num;
        }
        else
        {
            //otherwise just the store number
            Session["number"] = num;
        }
        //clear the text
        txtDisplay.Text = "";
        //store the operator in the session
        Session["operator"] = "+";

    }
    protected void btnEqual_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //get the number stored in the session
        double num1 = (double)Session["number"];
        //get the last operator
        string op = Session["operator"].ToString();
        //Get the number from the text box
        double num2 = GetNumber();
        
        //test which it operator is
            if(op.Equals("+"))
            {
                //do the operation and display it
                txtDisplay.Text=(num1 + num2).ToString();
               
            }
            if(op.Equals("*"))
            {
                txtDisplay.Text=(num1* num2).ToString();
            }

        //clear the sessions
            Session["number"] = null;
            Session["operator"] = null;
        
    }

    protected double GetNumber()
    {
        //get the value from the text box
        string number = txtDisplay.Text;
        //double num = double.Parse(number);
        double num=0;
        //try to parse the number
        //if it is good it returns true and assigns the value to num
        bool isGood = double.TryParse(number, out num);
        //if false let the user know
        if (isGood == false)
        {
            //creates a javascript alert
            Response.Write
("<script type='text/JavaScript'>alert('Learn your numbers');</script>");
            txtDisplay.Text = "";
        }
        //return the number
        return num;
    }
}

---

A1Stylesheet.css

body {
}

td
{
    width:30px;
}

p
{
    font-size: large;
}

h1
{
    color:Navy;
    font-size:150%;
}

.button
{
    width:40px;
}

Scalar Functions

Here is the code we did in class for functions

--scalar functions

Use CommunityAssist 

--only eliminates duplicate rows
Select MONTH(DonationDate), DonationAmount From Donation

Select Distinct MONTH(DonationDate), DonationAmount From Donation

Select  Distinct YEAR(donationDate) as [Year] from Donation

Select Distinct DAY(DonationDate) as [Day] From Donation


Select DATEPART(YY, DonationDate) From Donation
Select DATEPART(dd, DonationDate) From Donation
Select DATEPART(mm, DonationDate) From Donation
Select DATEPART(WEEKDAY , DonationDate) From Donation
Select DATEPART(Hour, DonationDate) From Donation

Select DATEDIFF(hour, GETDATE(), '6/4/2012')

Select GETDATE()

Select Cast(DATEADD(dd, 20, GetDate()) as CHAR(11))

Select * From Donation

Select Donationkey, '$' + CAST(DonationAmount as Char(10))
 as Amount
From Donation 

Select * from Employee

Select SUBSTRING(SsNumber,1,3) + '-' +
SUBSTRING (SSNumber,4,2) + '-' +
SUBSTRING(SSNumber, 6, 4)
 From Employee

Select * From PersonAddress 

Select SUBSTRING(Street, 1, charIndex(' ',Street,1))
From PersonAddress

First ASP

here is the asp code for Default.aspx

---

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" 
CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        <asp:Calendar ID="Calendar1" runat="server" BackColor="White" 
            BorderColor="White" BorderWidth="1px" 
            Font-Names="Verdana" Font-Size="9pt" 
            ForeColor="Black" Height="190px" 
NextPrevFormat="FullMonth" Width="350px" >
            <DayHeaderStyle Font-Bold="True" Font-Size="8pt" />
            <NextPrevStyle Font-Bold="True" Font-Size="8pt" 
ForeColor="#333333" 
                VerticalAlign="Bottom" />
            <OtherMonthDayStyle ForeColor="#999999" />
            <SelectedDayStyle BackColor="#333399" 
ForeColor="White" />
            <TitleStyle BackColor="White" BorderColor="Black" 
BorderWidth="4px" 
                Font-Bold="True" Font-Size="12pt" ForeColor="#333399" />
            <TodayDayStyle BackColor="#CCCCCC" />
        </asp:Calendar>
        <asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server">
        </asp:DropDownList><br />
        <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Enter Your Name" ></asp:Label>
        <asp:TextBox ID="txtName"
            runat="server" ></asp:TextBox><br />
        <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Submit" 
            onclick="Button1_Click" />
<br />
        <asp:Label ID="lblResult" runat="server" Text="Label">
</asp:Label>
    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

---

Here is the c# code Behind: Default.aspx.cs

---

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //an array of animals

        if (!IsPostBack)
        {
            string[] animals = new string[4];
            animals[0] = "Grizzly Bear";
            animals[1] = "hamster";
            animals[2] = "Zebra";
            animals[3] = "Giraffe";

            //binding the data to the control
            DropDownList1.DataSource = animals;
            DropDownList1.DataBind();
        }
    }
    protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //retrieved all three values
        string animal = DropDownList1.SelectedItem.ToString();
        string date = Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToShortDateString();
        string name = txtName.Text;
        lblResult.Text = name + ", your animal is " 
                        + animal 
                        + ", your selected date is " 
                        + date;


    }
}

Simple Selects

Use Automart;
/*this is a multline
comment */

--simple select
Select Lastname, Firstname from Person

--select with a wildcare
Select * From Person
--alias
Select Lastname as [Last Name], FirstName as [First Name]
From Person

Select Lastname [Last Name], FirstName  [First Name]
From Person

Select Lastname as "Last Name", FirstName as "First Name"
From Person

Select Lastname Last, FirstName First 
From Person

--concatination
Select LastName + ', ' + Firstname [Person Name]
From Person

--order by
Select Lastname, Firstname
From Person
order by lastname Desc, firstname asc

Select top 5 Lastname from Person
order by lastname

Select * From Person
Where LastName='Smith'

Select * from Person
Where LastName Like 'S%'

Select * From Employee.VehicleService
Where ServiceDate between '4/1/2010' and '4/30/2010'

Select * From Employee.VehicleService
Where ServiceDate >= '4/1/2010' and ServiceDate <= '4/30/2010'

Select * From Customer.AutoService
Where ServicePrice > 100

Select * From Employee
Where SupervisorID is not null

Select * From Employee
Where SupervisorID = null